2. Water in mines: pollution, discharge, control, and treatment. Water in mines, that is, "mine water," usually refers to the water contained in the mined-out open area or dug-out area generated as a …
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Open-pit mining, also known as opencast mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts minerals from an open pit in the ground. Open-pit mining is the most common method used throughout the world for mineral mining and does not require extractive methods or tunnels. This surface mining technique is used when mineral or ore deposits …
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1. Introduction. Mining provides important raw materials for national economic development and the progress of human civilization and is a mainstay industry of many countries and regions [].Moreover, open …
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open-pit iron ore mines. The framework defined various metrics including a spatial mine-to-plan index. Secondly, it developed and applied spatial mine-to-plan CDTs that provide the ability to drill-down into selected spatial areas within the larger iron ore mine and enable understanding of the root causes of deviations. Lastly, it employed ...
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Analyzing the effect of ore grade uncertainty in open pit mine planning; A case study of Rezvan iron mine, Iran ... (SGS) and traditional Ordinary Kriging (OK) was applied in an iron ore mine, and the influence of ore …
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Present study is a review study of impact of mining and its impact on water resources. Hexavalent chromium dispersed by tailing wash-off, Sukinda mining district, India (MINEO consortium, 2000).
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Graphic comes from the study, "Mining drives extensive deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon" A satellite view of the Carajás iron mine in Pará state near the city of Marabá. It is run by ...
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In this paper, a hypothetical open pit copper mine is considered, which needs to produce 30 million tonnes of waste and 25 million tonnes of ore based on its annual planning. This mine works 340 days a year, on which the drilling and blasting operations can be carried out. Thus, the time scale of the dynamic model is set as these operational days.
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Innovation plays a critical role in the mining industry as a tool to improve the efficiency of its processes, to reduce costs, but also to meet the increasing social and environmental concerns among communities and authorities. Technological progress has also been crucial to allow the exploitation of new deposits in more complex scenarios: …
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The primary aim of every twenty-first century mining operation is to extract as much ore as possible in a safe and economical manner. Failure in mine excavation occurs when the shear stress acting on the rock is greater than the shear strength of the rock mass. The stability of rock slopes in open-pit mine and quarry operations is extremely …
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Bong mine, as the study area is colloquially called, is chronologically the fourth iron ore mine in Liberia. Using conventional open pit mining methods, it was initially operated by the Germans between 1965 and 1990 (Kraaij, 1983). Currently Bong Peak Mining project, owned and operated by China Union, is planned at 24 Mton (million metric tons ...
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Two different approaches have been used in this paper for computation of optimal burden of different rock strata of an Indian iron ore mine. The first approach is based on assessment of rock mass properties and explosive properties for the blast. ... of Rock Fragmentation Models — A Case Study; 4 th UMT Biennial International Mining …
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During the transition from open-pit to underground mining in iron ore mines, water inrush is a prominent problem for mine safety and production. In this paper, a comprehensive method that incorporates hydrochemical analysis and numerical simulation is proposed to analyse the characteristics of water inrush during the transition from open …
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The climate change impacts of mining are often not fully accounted for, although the environmental impact of mineral extraction more generally is widely studied. Copper mining can serve as a case ...
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Another broad method for improving efficiency would be to address the general mining process and purification processes. Although open pit mining (link to mining solution page) contributes about 85% of all …
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Mining under an open pit slope results in the collapse and slide of the slope. In this paper, a combination of methods including Google Earth and field investigations is applied to investigate the process of eastern slope failure induced by underground mining in the Yanqianshan Iron Mine over five years. According to the observed ground …
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This chapter presents a case study in India to demonstrate the quantitative modeling of operational risk using possibility theory. The scenario is adopted from the iron ore …
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1. Introduction. Iron ore, being one of the most important industrial raw materials, is exploited and consumed in large quantities in many industries, and its usage is increasing every year [1,2].The open-pit mining method is generally preferred in mining activities due to its extensive applicability to various kinds of exposed rock, its minimum …
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Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone-shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near-surface, nonselective and low-grade zones ...
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This chapter presents a case study in India to demonstrate the quantitative modeling of operational risk using possibility theory. The scenario is adopted from the …
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Abstract During the transition from open-pit to underground mining in iron ore mines, water inrush is a prominent problem for mine safety and production.
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Open pit mining. Open pit mining, where material is excavated from an open pit, is one of the most common forms of mining for strategic minerals. This type of mining is particularly damaging to the environment because strategic minerals are often only available in small concentrations, which increases the amount of ore needed to be mined.
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The literature review performed in this study aimed at having a representative sample of studies from the literature, describing the most frequent social impacts occurring in the mining sectors. Therefore, the search was conducted through both commonly used web research engines and academic interdisciplinary databases including Scopus and ...
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In order to prevent accident cases and improve safety in the mining industry, a safety risk assessment and management process is needed to identify and respond to high-risk hazards in mines. This study aims to investigate the main safety risks factors influencing the typology of accidents in the Panzhihua OP-UG iron ore mine with the …
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1.1.3.1 Open-pit mining Open-pit mining is a type of strip mining in which the ore deposit extends very deep in the ground, necessitating the removal of layer upon layer of overburden and ore. In many cases, logging of trees and clear-cutting or burning of vegetation above the ore deposit may precede removal of the overburden. The
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The east slope of the Beizhan iron mine in Hejing County, Xinjiang, belongs to the typical open-pit high and steep slope of mined hanging-wall ore. To study the effect of open-pit blasting ...
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The mining industry is at a tipping point where sustainability and decarbonization are top items on CEOs' agendas. To achieve a 1.5°C climate-change target by 2050, the mining industry will need to reduce direct CO 2 emissions to zero. Encouragingly, our analysis shows that solutions to decarbonize the majority of …
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There are a number of reasons for this, not the least of which is that the size of underground mining equipment—because of ground conditions, ore body geometry, and other factors—is much smaller than in the open pit. Also, access is much more limited. All of this means that productivity, as measured in tons produced per worker per shift ...
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Open-pit mining is the main method to obtain ore raw materials 1. The excavation of pits and underground transportation roadways inevitably destroys the …
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In this paper we describe the development and implementation of a spatial mine-to-plan compliance reconciliation approach for an open pit mine. Application to a case study open pit iron ore mine in South Africa indicated a significant improvement in the spatial mine-to-plan compliance, from 69% to 94% over a three-year period from 2014 to 2016.
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methods. Surface mining operations can be classified into open pit, opencast, strip, alluvial and in-situ mining, depending on method of mining being considered (Hartman, 1987). Open-pit mining is a method of developing and exploiting the deposit by making a void in the surface, also known as pit and developing it sequentially to extract the ores.
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The first example (Fig. 3a) shows the main open cut of the Carajás iron ore mine complex in the Brazilian Amazon, which is among the world's largest iron ore mining operations 43. Figure 3b ...
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Iron ore was won by drilling and blasting (Figure 7.1).As mining technology generally developed, so did drilling techniques and the explosives used. Smith (1990) reported that the Cleveland deposit was associated with a very strong stone roof rock (known as "dogger") allowing mine drivages to be self-supporting. However, he states …
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With the increase in the depth of large-scale open-pit mining, many mines have to face problems such as what is the effect of open-pit blasting on the rock slope and how to ensure the stability of a high-steep slope. The east slope of the Beizhan iron mine in Hejing County, Xinjiang, belongs to the typical open-pit high and steep slope of mined …
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Huge losses occur due to locked up ore left as a safety measure to maintain the stability of mine workings especially the bench slopes and ultimate pit slopes. In this paper a case study of an Iron Ore mine is presented which deals with the design of stable steep slopes and evaluation of slope stability.
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Mine planning and design is an area in the mining industry that is given little attention, yet it is the area that influences the Net Present Value (NPV) of the mineral reserve most. In order to ...
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